If nigeria can harness its oil wealth for the good of all of its people, if it can banish or at least reduce poverty and squalor, if it can diminish the palpable sense that. Understanding the armed groups of the niger delta council on. Jun 08, 2016 leaders, like mujahid dokuboasari and other mend leaders later on. Online service for recovering damaged files and corrupted.
Wullson mvomo ela african approaches to maritime security the gulf of guinea 7 this study was inspired by the urgent quest to mobilise a. Six soldiers were reportedly killed voice of america 11 june 2010 nigeria s main militant group, mend, claims responsibility for attack on oil facility. Burchard in february, a group calling itself the niger delta avengers nda began attacking nigerias pipelines and oil infrastructure. Leaders of nigeria s mend rebel group and other militia commanders in the oilrich niger delta say theyre ready to launch fresh attacks after two years of relative quiet following a 2009. Pdf2go is a free of charge pdf splitter that allows you to split pages of any pdf document no matter the length or file size. Nigerias eightyear conflict with boko haram has resulted in the deaths of over 20,000 civilians and a largescale humanitarian crisis. Apr 20, 2006 but unlike at least one other group, mend has not specifically called for the niger delta to secede from nigeria. Mend news latest breaking stories and top headlines today.
Grievance, greed, and conflict dynamics in nigeria. As of today we have 75,612,618 ebooks for you to download for free. Crisis in the niger delta 3 or even eliminating the insurgency. The nda, which is demanding a larger share of the countrys oil wealth, has been so successful in its brief campaign. It called itself the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend. This is believed to have set the tone for many other ijaw exmilitant leaders who subsequently. Oct 30, 2011 leaders of nigerias mend rebel group and other militia commanders in the oilrich niger delta say theyre ready to launch fresh attacks after two years of relative quiet following a 2009. It also delves into the purview of the history, structure, mission and vision of the nigerian police force.
Move over boko haram, nigerias mend rebels set to restart. Inceptionthe movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend is one of the largest militant groups in the niger delta region of nigeria and serves as an umbrella organisation of armed groups in the region. He was re elected in 2003, and the ruling party pdp confirmed its domi nant position in the parliamentary elections. Perhaps of greater importance is the transformation of the underlying motivation for these incidents. A commentary on the december 20 nigeria operational. This was one of the demands of mujahid dokuboasari, the leader of another militant group which said it was standing up for the rights of the niger deltas biggest community, the ijaws. The oilrich niger delta region of nigeria is currently mired in a major insurgency by mend militants attacking oil multinationals, oil installations and government security forces. The major crux of this group is the states federal government insensitivity to the plight of the people of the niger delta region. The countrys legal system is based on the english legal tradition. Select multiple pdf files and merge them in seconds. Nigeria continues to have one of the lowest rankings on the undp human development index, rated 152 out of 187 countries in 2016.
This article is in list format, but may read better as prose. Mend has gained global notoriety by disrupting oil supplies in the niger delta. Extraction activities by multinational companies including shell, mobil, chevron, elf and agip have caused serious environmental and social damage in the niger delta, an oil rich southeastern region of nigeria. The movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend is one of the most prominent of a multitude of militant organizations dedicated to crippling oil production in the niger delta region.
Nigeria gained full independence in october 1960, as a federation of three regions northern, western, and eastern under a constitution that provided for a parliamentary form of government. Edit your pdf file online and for free with this high quality converter or compress, merge, split, rotate, sort or protect your pdf documents. Although mend and nda have perpetrated violent acts, those usually involve targeting. Seizing the moment in the niger delta crisis group africa briefing n60, 30 april 2009 page 2 ing the imprisoned leader of the movement for emancipation of the niger delta mend, henry okah. On the face of it, the mend insurgency appears to be a classic example of the resource curse thesis that seeks to establish strong connections between natural. The niger deltas umbrella militant group council on. Learn how to edit pdf files using adobe acrobat dc and change text and images quickly and easily in pdf documents. The case of nigerias niger delta amnesty programme ku leuven. Multinational oil companies on the niger delta, nigeria ejatlas.
This brief explores regional inequality in nigeria, focussing specifically. In may 1999, the former junta head olusegun obasanjo 1976 to 1979 took office as elected president. Repair pdf file upload a corrupt pdf and we will try to fix it. Despite abundant oil wealth in the niger delta region in southeast nigeria, residents lack basic services including electricity, piped water, health clinics and schools. A guide to militant, exmilitant and activist groups in the. Some government officials overly optimistically assert that militancy in the delta could be eliminated by the end of 2009. However, individual commanders had control over their militant units. Niger delta in the southern part of nigeria, the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend is another ethnic militia that emerged due to a perceived notion. Nigeria is africas most populous country and currently its largest oil producer. The movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend is one of the largest militant. Attacks by mend and other armed groups have led to the loss of a quarter of nigerias daily oil exports since 2006.
Ansaru, mend, west africa, subsaharan africa, jos, niger delta, piracy. Movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend. Department of state updated its travel warning for nigeria to warn the american public of the increased kidnapping risk in the region. These numbers, and nigerias reputation as one of the worlds most corrupt places, mask the reality that nigeria, together with south africa, remains the pivot of africa. Indeed, the business of bunkering illegal oil, or blood oil, involves players far beyond the shores of nigeria and will require an international effort to control it. The project is also limited in size and scope, as the tensions that exacerbate or cause violence in nigeria goes beyond religion, ethnicity. Nigeria, natural resources, oil, political economy, violence, context sensitivity. Prior to the amnesty, while profit was undeniably an aim, mend affiliated militants were primarily politically motivated. Faculty of social sciences university of nigeria, nsukka. The group remains a vocal advocate of ijaw selfdetermination and has traditionally consisted of rival factions, but spokesman eric omar condemned the nda on 9 may 2016. Movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend is one of the most visible armed groups based in nigeria s niger delta region. Understanding the armed groups of the niger delta final. The movement for the emancipation of the niger delta.
Niger delta province, nigeria, cameroon, and equatorial guinea, africa by michele l. Nigeria is a complex state with hundreds of armed groups, and tracking and following all the various alliances that comprise mend or boko haram is a complicated task possibly fraught with many inaccuracies. Nigeria an overview of challenges to peace and security. Depending on how much the pdf is damaged we will be able to recover it partially or completely. Oil extraction is the largest threat to nigeria s mangrove forests. This work also gave a chronological historical antecedent of insecurity in nigeria. The sea off nigeria is also the scene of more than half of the piracy incidents that occurred off west africa between 2001 and 2008 and pirates have been reported to use proceeds from their activities to arm rebel groups in the niger delta of nigeria. Nigeria is africas largest economy with an estimated gdp of usd405 in 2016, down from usd568 billion in 2015. Regional inequality and the niger delta overseas development. Nigerias mend rebels threaten future attack on oil industry. Online pdf converter edit, rotate and compress pdf files. The selection of an ethnic ijaw was also strategic as mend was. Conflict in the niger delta united states institute of peace.
Additionally, the broader issues of underdevelopment and overmilitarization of the niger delta, as well as the regions. Mend has claimed responsibility for an attack at an oil facility in niger state. In an interview with the leader of the ijaw youth council published in the nigeria based newspaper vanguard, the interviewer stated that mend claimed that it is not. Tarila marclint ebiede instability in nigerias niger delta. Pdf oil resources, militancy, and the postamnesty challenges in. Split pdf a free and easy to use tool to separate pdf pages. Multinational oil companies on the niger delta, nigeria description. Negotiations should also address a comprehensive ddr program. Yet it is no longer clear that the group is as coherent an entity as was initially believed.
Jan 27, 2014 nigerias movement for the emancipation of the niger delta rebels plans to begin a violent campaign of disrupting oil output in africas top producer after it attacked a military patrol boat. Split your pdf document online convert pdf files online. The movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend is a loose web of armed groups in nigerias oilproducing niger delta. Violence and poverty in the niger delta in september 2008, the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend a loose umbrella network of armed groupsdeclared an oil war on. Click the repair pdf button and wait for the task to complete. Achieving lowermiddle income status in 2007, nigerias gdp per capita was usd2,450 in 2016. The federal government should simultaneously raise. Nigerias amnesty programme for niger delta militants has been described as a homegrown. Split or extract pdf files online, easily and free. The law governing voluntary notforprofit organizations npos in nigeria is a product of english common law.
Its seven most populous cities each house more than one million people, and about one out of two west africans is from nigeria. It is made up of members of the ijaw who charge the government and foreign oil companies with promoting immense economic disparities, corruption, and environmental degradation. Mends demands included a call for a return to the fiscal federalism of the 1960 constitution that allowed regions to retain 50 per cent of oil and other revenues, the withdrawal of oil companies from nigeria and the release of key prisoners from the ijaw ethnic group. Autocad, ms access, coreldraw, dbffoxpro, excel, illustrator, outlook express, pdf acrobat, photoshop, ms powerpoint, ms. The movement for the emancipation of the niger delta, or mend, launched itself onto the international stage. Pdf in this paper we use a simple evolutionary coordination game to model the effect of. A different militant movement an outgrowth of the ijaw youth councils iyc militant wing, the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend first emerged in december 2005 when it took credit for blowing up an oil pipeline in delta state. But the elections were marred by widespread fraud, violence and open ballot rigging. Read all the latest news, breaking stories, top headlines, opinion, pictures and videos about mend from nigeria and the world on today. Niger delta region of nigeria contains the key ingredients for a. Timeline of recent unrest in niger delta region irin. Mends other goals include localizing control of nigerias oil and securing reparations from the federal government. Mission in nigeria has issued warden messages regarding the threat of kidnapping in several parts of nigeria. The mend is the latest of such group to take up this stance todate.
Federal republic of nigeria companies income tax act 19. As at 17th of oct, reliable sources stated that the movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend would resume its hostilities against the nigerian oil industry, the nigerian armed forces and its collaborators with effect from no time specified hours, friday, october 16, 2009, the groups spokesman, jomo gbomo, said in the statement. Online recovery of damaged documents and files of various formats. Clearly borne out of the thinking of mohammed yusuf, the group has evolved over time to become a more nebulous entity whose direction and aims are sometimes difficult to identify. It is not clear who activated the group or coined its name, but it soon. Dragging and dropping files to the page also works. Niger delta mend in the context of a fullblown insurgency linked to local resistance and violence in nigerias oilrich niger delta. Expand the upload pdf files dropdown and select your files. Movement for the emancipation of the niger delta mend, niger delta. Niger delta among the ijaw, while the majority of mend are ijaw, mend also has members from ogoni, urhobo, and itsekiri groups 28 may 2009. Rearrange individual pages or entire files in the desired order.
Movement for the emancipation of the niger delta wikipedia. Nigeria is the most populous cou ntry in africa, the second biggest economy, the third largest military power and the biggest oil producer 10th oil producer in the world. The region has seen decades of unrest stemming mostly from local militants uprisings over what they call neglect of the moneymaking region. Under the constitution, each of the three regions retained a substantial measure of selfgovernment. Given the ecology of the delta creeks creating transportation difficulties, it is hard to imagine that the insurgency could be. Federal republic of nigeria council on foundations. These and other reports on crime and kidnapping in. Statutory law governs the creation of companies limited by guarantee. Split a pdf file by page ranges or extract all pdf pages to multiple pdf files. Comprising 97 percent of nigeria s total exports, the oilrich niger delta produces up to two million barrels of crude oil a day, which has placed nigeria as the 9th oil producing country in the world. Such extensive oil extraction has come at great environmental and social cost. Emancipation of the niger delta mend have been central to this violence. Pdf grievance, greed, and conflict dynamics in nigeria.
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